EV Range Estimator

Ideal range

The starting point is the energy in the pack times how far the car travels per unit of energy:

ideal range = usable battery (kWh) × efficiency (mi/kWh)

Usable battery is a percentage of the total pack, since manufacturers reserve a buffer at the top and bottom to protect battery health. A 75 kWh pack at 95% usable and 3.5 mi/kWh gives about 75 × 0.95 × 3.5 ≈ 249 miles in ideal conditions.

Real-world adjustment factors

Rated efficiency is measured in mild, steady conditions. Real driving is rarely ideal, so the estimate is scaled by a few factors that multiply together:

• Driving type: city driving benefits from regenerative braking (slightly better than rated), while sustained highway speed increases aerodynamic drag (worse).
• Speed: drag rises with the square of speed. Above roughly 55 mph (90 km/h) each extra bit of speed costs range; below it, range improves.
• Temperature: lithium-ion batteries lose efficiency in the cold, and cabin heating draws directly from the pack. Very hot weather also costs range through A/C. Mild temperatures around 70 °F (21 °C) are the sweet spot.
• Climate control: running the heater or air conditioning adds a fixed penalty on top of the temperature effect.

The final estimate is the ideal range multiplied by every factor. The tool shows each factor separately so you can see what is helping or hurting.

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